I’m not sure if that Dockerfile will work (at least it didn’t for me, because the the .tgz file is not extracted and therefore the command /kafka/bin/… can’t be executed later on.
I corrected this by changing the Dockerfile to:
# Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:16.04

# Install jdk
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install openjdk-8-jre wget -y

# Unzip kafka zip and rename at kafka
ENV kafka_version=0.11.0.3
RUN wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/kafka/${kafka_version}/kafka_2.11-${kafka_version}.tgz
RUN tar -xvzf kafka_2.11-${kafka_version}.tgz
RUN mkdir /kafka
RUN mv kafka_2.11-${kafka_version}/* /kafka